25 November, a date difficult to commemorate

Original opinion piece from the newspaper Público

On 24 November 2025, the newspaper Público published an opinion piece by David Castaño (IPRI-NOVA) and Filipa Raimundo (Iscte) on the commemorations of 25 November 1975.

The authors argue that the difficulty of turning this date into a shared memory is not new: it was already present in the essentially military ceremonies designed by Ramalho Eanes in 1976, and in the way the victors themselves have disputed its meaning ever since. The article revisits that founding moment, with a particular focus on its military dimension, and reflects on the search for consensus around the anniversary.

Read the full opinion piece in Público.