{"id":55784,"date":"2025-11-24T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/?p=55784"},"modified":"2026-10-13T22:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T22:32:40","slug":"suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/","title":{"rendered":"Suggested reading: 25 November, a date difficult to commemorate"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>25 November, a date difficult to commemorate<\/h1>\n<p><i>Original opinion piece from the newspaper P\u00fablico<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-55669\" src=\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg\" alt=\"Flag of Portugal\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal-1024x775.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal-768x581.jpg 768w, https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal-1536x1163.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal-1320x999.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal-1000x757.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On 24 November 2025, the newspaper P\u00fablico published an opinion piece by David Casta\u00f1o (IPRI-NOVA) and Filipa Raimundo (Iscte) on the commemorations of 25 November 1975.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The authors argue that the difficulty of turning this date into a shared memory is not new: it was already present in the essentially military ceremonies designed by Ramalho Eanes in 1976, and in the way the victors themselves have disputed its meaning ever since. The article revisits that founding moment, with a particular focus on its military dimension, and reflects on the search for consensus around the anniversary.<\/p>\n<p><i>Read the <\/i><a style=\"font-style: italic;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2025\/11\/24\/politica\/opiniao\/25-novembro-data-dificil-comemorar-procura-consenso-2155555\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">full opinion piece in P\u00fablico<\/a><i>.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 24 November 2025, the newspaper P\u00fablico published an opinion piece by David Casta\u00f1o (IPRI-NOVA) and Filipa Raimundo (Iscte) on the commemorations of 25 November 1975.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[308],"tags":[412,411,413],"class_list":["post-55784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-on-press","tag-25-november","tag-filipa-raimundo","tag-memory","category-308","description-off"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>25 November, a date difficult to commemorate | ODRP-Iscte<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Filipa Raimundo and David Casta\u00f1o discuss in P\u00fablico why 25 November remains a difficult date to turn into a shared memory.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"25 November, a date difficult to commemorate | ODRP-Iscte\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Filipa Raimundo and David Casta\u00f1o discuss in P\u00fablico why 25 November remains a difficult date to turn into a shared memory.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Observat\u00f3rio da Democracia e da Representa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/observatorio.democracia.representacao.politica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-24T10:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-13T22:32:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1211\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ObservatorioDemocracia-Team\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Observatorioda4\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Observatorioda4\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ObservatorioDemocracia-Team\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ObservatorioDemocracia-Team\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ab1878e95a55730f5159ccf3d9ba4ba7\"},\"headline\":\"Suggested reading: 25 November, a date difficult to commemorate\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-24T10:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-13T22:32:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/\"},\"wordCount\":122,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"25 November\",\"Filipa Raimundo\",\"memory\"],\"articleSection\":[\"On Press\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/\",\"name\":\"25 November, a date difficult to commemorate | ODRP-Iscte\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-24T10:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-13T22:32:40+00:00\",\"description\":\"Filipa Raimundo and David Casta\u00f1o discuss in P\u00fablico why 25 November remains a difficult date to turn into a shared memory.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg\",\"width\":1600,\"height\":1211,\"caption\":\"Flag of Portugal\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"In\u00edcio\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Suggested reading: 25 November, a date difficult to commemorate\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Observat\u00f3rio da Democracia e da Representa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica\",\"description\":\"Um bem para a Cidadania\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Observat\u00f3rio da Democracia e da Representa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/logo-observatorio-democracia-forms.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/logo-observatorio-democracia-forms.jpg\",\"width\":400,\"height\":98,\"caption\":\"Observat\u00f3rio da Democracia e da Representa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/observatorio.democracia.representacao.politica\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/Observatorioda4\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/observatoriodrp\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ab1878e95a55730f5159ccf3d9ba4ba7\",\"name\":\"ObservatorioDemocracia-Team\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/author\/observatoriodemocracia-team\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"25 November, a date difficult to commemorate | ODRP-Iscte","description":"Filipa Raimundo and David Casta\u00f1o discuss in P\u00fablico why 25 November remains a difficult date to turn into a shared memory.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"25 November, a date difficult to commemorate | ODRP-Iscte","og_description":"Filipa Raimundo and David Casta\u00f1o discuss in P\u00fablico why 25 November remains a difficult date to turn into a shared memory.","og_url":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/","og_site_name":"Observat\u00f3rio da Democracia e da Representa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/observatorio.democracia.representacao.politica","article_published_time":"2025-11-24T10:00:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-10-13T22:32:40+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1600,"height":1211,"url":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"ObservatorioDemocracia-Team","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@Observatorioda4","twitter_site":"@Observatorioda4","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"ObservatorioDemocracia-Team"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/"},"author":{"name":"ObservatorioDemocracia-Team","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ab1878e95a55730f5159ccf3d9ba4ba7"},"headline":"Suggested reading: 25 November, a date difficult to commemorate","datePublished":"2025-11-24T10:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-13T22:32:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/"},"wordCount":122,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg","keywords":["25 November","Filipa Raimundo","memory"],"articleSection":["On Press"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/","url":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/","name":"25 November, a date difficult to commemorate | ODRP-Iscte","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg","datePublished":"2025-11-24T10:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-13T22:32:40+00:00","description":"Filipa Raimundo and David Casta\u00f1o discuss in P\u00fablico why 25 November remains a difficult date to turn into a shared memory.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/na-imprensa-bandeira-portugal.jpg","width":1600,"height":1211,"caption":"Flag of Portugal"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/suggested-reading-25-november-a-date-difficult-to-commemorate\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"In\u00edcio","item":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Suggested reading: 25 November, a date difficult to commemorate"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/","name":"Observat\u00f3rio da Democracia e da Representa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica","description":"Um bem para a Cidadania","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#organization","name":"Observat\u00f3rio da Democracia e da Representa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica","url":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/logo-observatorio-democracia-forms.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/logo-observatorio-democracia-forms.jpg","width":400,"height":98,"caption":"Observat\u00f3rio da Democracia e da Representa\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/observatorio.democracia.representacao.politica","https:\/\/x.com\/Observatorioda4","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/observatoriodrp\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/ab1878e95a55730f5159ccf3d9ba4ba7","name":"ObservatorioDemocracia-Team","url":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/author\/observatoriodemocracia-team\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55784"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55785,"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55784\/revisions\/55785"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/observatorio-democracia.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}